As Congress debates the SAVE America Act, people with disabilities have reason to be alarmed. The bill would require in-person proof of citizenship to register to vote in federal elections, government-issued photo ID that matches current name and address for in-person voting, and copies of photo ID with mail-in ballots. For voters with disabilities, that means new barriers at every stage of the voting process.

The reality is that too many people with disabilities face real barriers to voting. A Government Accountability Office study found that 60% of polling places had barriers for voters with disabilities, and 65% had voting stations that weren’t set up to allow a private and independent vote. Federal law mandates that voters with disabilities must have a full and equal opportunity to vote, including during registration, at the polling place, and through early or absentee voting.

Mail voting and accessible voting technology aren’t simply conveniences for people with disabilities. They’re civil rights. In the 2020 election, more than half of voters with disabilities cast their ballot by mail. The SAVE America Act would severely restrict mail registration and force online voter registration systems to be overhauled to meet its new requirements. Millions of Americans rely on those options to make their voices heard. Federal guidance makes clear that vote by mail must be accessible. When lawmakers add new in-person paperwork, photo ID requirements, or other hurdles to mail voting and registration, they risk shutting out voters who can’t easily travel, print, copy, scan, or navigate inaccessible systems.

Courts have ruled that systemic barriers preventing voters with disabilities from casting ballots are illegal. The Americans with Disabilities Act covers voter registration, polling places, and absentee voting. The Help America Vote Act requires accessible voting systems so voters with disabilities can cast a ballot with the same privacy and independence as others. The Voting Rights Act protects the right of voters with disabilities to use an assistor of their choice. The Arc has fought and won challenges against laws that restricted in-person and mail-in voting, and we’ll continue to challenge attempts to suppress the disability vote.

But statistics and legal protections only tell part of the story. Voters with disabilities live these barriers every election.

• Lydia, who has muscular dystrophy, told us: “I think it really boils down to whether people believe that disabled people or any people from marginalized groups are deserving of the full benefits of democracy. We’re all interconnected. And I think that’s the promise of democracy—we all get to enjoy the same basic human rights and privileges as everyone else.” Lydia prefers to vote in person but needs the option to vote by mail when her specialized mobility equipment isn’t working properly.
• Danielle, who has autism, dyslexia, and dysgraphia, has difficulty voting because she is sensitive to abrupt changes or alterations to routine. As Danielle’s mother, who assists her with voting, shared: “My daughter just needs a little more help, but she can vote. It’s her constitutional right… She wants to practice her civic duty, and she should be able to vote… People with disabilities are a part of our community and the fabric of our lives. They need to be heard.”
• Ralph has Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy and was hospitalized due to this condition for 6 months. Vote by mail was the only option available to him because he couldn’t leave the hospital during treatment.
• Laura has Limb Girdle muscular dystrophy and chronic muscular respiratory failure. It’s important for her to have access to different methods of voting because her ability and energy levels fluctuate daily. It’s also much safer for her to vote by mail since she’s immunocompromised.

People with disabilities are one of the largest voting blocs in the country. One in 6 eligible voters has a disability, and 1 in 3 eligible voters has a disability or lives with someone who does. When voting is accessible, participation rises. When it’s not, people with disabilities are pushed out of decisions that shape their health care, education, housing, transportation, employment, and community living. Their votes aren’t optional, and their participation isn’t secondary.

If a bill makes it harder for people with disabilities to register, vote by mail, or cast a ballot privately and independently, it’s moving this country in the wrong direction and violating federal laws. The Arc will continue to fight in courtrooms, Congress, and communities nationwide until every voter with a disability can cast a ballot that’s accessible, private, and counted.

SAVE America Act FAQ: What Voters With Disabilities Need to Know

What is the SAVE America Act?
The Safeguard American Voter Eligibility (SAVE America) Act is the federal voting bill now being debated in Congress. It would require in-person proof of citizenship to register to vote in federal elections, government-issued photo ID for in-person voting, and copies of photo ID with mail-in ballots. Some people may still refer to an earlier version of this proposal as the SAVE Act.

How would the SAVE America Act affect voters with disabilities?
It would add new steps to registration, in-person voting, and vote by mail in a system that is already too inaccessible for many voters with disabilities. The bill includes an accessibility provision, but it is limited and does not include a clear enforcement mechanism. Federal law requires equal access to all parts of voting, including absentee voting.

Does the SAVE America Act affect mail-in voting?
Yes. The bill would require copies of photo ID with mail-in ballots, and the current debate around the bill has also included proposals to narrow mail voting further. That matters because voters with disabilities are more likely to rely on voting by mail, and mail voting must be accessible.

Why are election officials and disability advocates concerned about implementation?
The SAVE America Act would take effect immediately, gives the Election Assistance Commission just 10 days to issue guidance, and provides no funding for states to make the required changes. That rushed timeline raises serious concerns about confusion, administrative errors, and whether accessible systems would be implemented well enough to protect voters with disabilities.

Why do voters with disabilities rely on mail voting and accessible voting machines?
Because many polling places still present physical and technological barriers, and accessible voting systems plus mail voting can be the difference between having a private, independent vote and not being able to vote at all.

What laws protect the voting rights of people with disabilities?
Key protections include the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Help America Vote Act, the National Voter Registration Act, the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, and the Voting Rights Act.